هل درست أوامر Git ولكنك تريد أن تتخيل كيف يحدث التكامل المستمر (CI) في الواقع؟ أو ربما ترغب في تحسين أنشطتك اليومية؟ ستمنحك هذه الدورة التدريبية مهارات تكامل عملية مستمرة باستخدام مستودع GitHub. لا يُقصد من هذه الدورة التدريبية أن تكون معالجًا يمكنك النقر فوقه ببساطة ، بل على العكس من ذلك ، ستؤدي نفس الإجراءات التي يقوم بها الأشخاص بالفعل في العمل ، بنفس الطريقة التي يقومون بها. سأشرح النظرية وأنت تمر من خلال الخطوات ذات الصلة.

ماذا نفعل؟

بينما نمضي قدمًا ، سننشئ تدريجياً قائمة بخطوات CI النموذجية ، وهي طريقة رائعة لتذكر هذه القائمة. بمعنى آخر ، سننشئ قائمة بالإجراءات التي يتخذها المطورون عند إجراء تكامل مستمر وإجراء تكامل مستمر. سنستخدم أيضًا مجموعة اختبار بسيطة لتقريب عملية CI الخاصة بنا من الواقع.

يُظهر GIF بشكل تخطيطي الالتزامات في المستودع الخاص بك أثناء تقدمك خلال الدورة التدريبية. كما ترى ، لا يوجد شيء معقد هنا وفقط الأشياء الأكثر أهمية.

سوف تمر عبر البرامج النصية القياسية التالية CI:

• العمل على الميزات ؛
• تطبيق الاختبارات الذاتية لضمان الجودة ؛
• تنفيذ المهمة ذات الأولوية ؛
• حل التعارض عند دمج الفروع (دمج التعارض) ؛
• حدث خطأ في بيئة الإنتاج.

ماذا تتعلم

يمكنك الإجابة على الأسئلة التالية:

• ما هو التكامل المستمر (CI)؟
• CI, ?
• pull request ?
• (Test Driven Development, TDD) CI?
• (merge) (rebase)?
• ?

"pull request", . " " "" , .

?

, CI, , , , .

. , . , . , , " " , , .

, C++ , , , , . (, (unit), ) . , , , , " + ", , , .

(Continuous Delivery, CD) , - .

,

1. Pull in the latest code. Create a branch from master. Start working.
2. Create commits on your new branch. Build and test locally. Pass? Go to the next step. Fail? Fix errors or tests and try again.
3. Push to your remote repository or remote branch.
4. Create a pull request. Discuss the changes, add more commits as discussion continues. Make tests pass on the feature branch.
5. Merge/rebase commits from master. Make tests pass on the merge result.
6. Deploy from the feature branch to production.
7. If everything is good in production for some period of time, merge changes to master.

️

Node.js Git-.

Git-, .

, Git-,

Git-, , .

(fork) - GitHub. .

? , continuous-integration-team-scenarios-students, GitHub, URL

https://github.com/<    GitHub>/continuous-integration-team-scenarios-students

<URL >.

<> , .

GitHub actions . , , , , , Actions GitHub.

, , GitHub Actions .

GitHub Markdown , ,

https://github.com/<your GitHub user name>/continuous-integration-team-scenarios-students/blob/master/ci.md

— , .

, , solution, .

, solution master . , , , Git. , master solution , .

(commit)

git add .
git commit -m "Backing up my work"

• master master-backup;
• solution master;
• (checkout) master ;
• "solution" "master" ( "solution") "solution".

git branch -m master master-backup
git branch -m solution master
git checkout master -f
git branch solution

git log master , .

:

git reset --hard <the SHA you need>

, - (remote). .

git push --force origin master

, git push --force. , , , , .

Starting working

CI. , , .

️ : , master,

1. <URL >.
2. npm install ; Jest, .
3. feature. .

4. ci.test.js .

   
   
   

   it('1. pull latest code', () => {
     expect(/.*pull.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });
   
   it('2. add commits', () => {
     expect(/.*commit.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });
   
   it('3. push to the remote branch with the same name', () => {
     expect(/.*push.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });
   
   it('4. create a pull request and continue working', () => {
     expect(/.*pull\s+request.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });

   
   
   
5. 4 ci.md.
   
   

   1. Pull in the latest code. Create a branch from `master`. Start working.    
   2. Create commits on your new branch. Build and test locally.  
   Pass? Go to the next step. Fail? Fix errors or tests and try again.  
   3. Push to your remote repository or remote branch.  
   4. Create a pull request. Discuss the changes, add more commits  
   as discussion continues. Make tests pass on the feature branch.  

   
   
   

#   
git clone <repository URL>
cd <repository name>

#  npm install    ;   Jest,      .
npm install

#      feature.     .
git checkout -b feature

#  ci.test.js   .
#  ci.md   

,

, .

,

• :
  
  
  • ;
  • ( JIT- );
  • ( );
  • ;
  • .

• (build server) :
  
  
  • / .
  • .
  • ( master).
  • /

, , . .

• — , CI
• , — , CI
• — CI
• , — CI/CD, // , , - .

️

, npm test. git hook . : Git hooks GitHub . hook, install_hook.sh repo/hooks/pre-commit .git/hooks/.

, , , .

1. , npm test . , .
2. hook (pre-commit hook), install_hook.sh.
3. .
4. , .

.

#  pre-commit hook  install_hook.sh.  

#     .  "Add first CI steps"     .
git add ci.md ci.test.js
git commit -m "Add first CI steps"

# ,     .  

, , . GitHub (personal fork, ), .

• , , . , . , , . GitHub. [Team Work and CI with Git] (http://devops.redpill.solutions/).
• , master "". , , , master .

, .

.

️

• ,

git push --set-upstream origin feature

pull request

pull request Steps review. feature "head branch" master "base branch".

, master "base branch", .

GitHub "base branch" — , , "head branch" — , .

,

Pull request(PR)

Pull request(PR) — , (code review) . Pull request . . (pull) , , , (merge) . , , merge request.

pull request GitHub . , , , pull requests . :

• , ;
• , ;
• ;
• , .

pull request - . , , , , . , pull request , - , . PR : . , @ , pull request'.

PR .

• , .
• , . :
  
  
  • - , , - , # ;
  • @ , , @ ;
  • - - .

PR , . , , .

, . PR GitHub. .

️ CI

, , , .

️ : pull request

1. master.
2. bugfix.
3. ci.md.
   
   

   > **GitHub flow** is sometimes used as a nickname to refer to a flavor of trunk-based development  
   when code is deployed straight from feature branches. This list is just an interpretation  
   that I use in my [DevOps courses](http://redpill.solutions).  
   The official tutorial is [here](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/).

4. .
5. bugfix .
6. pull request Adding a remark bugfix master.

, master "base branch", .

.

#    master.   bugfix.
git checkout master

#   bugfix-remark.
git checkout -b bugfix

#     ci.md.

#  
git add ci.md
git commit -m "Add a remark about the list being opinionated"

#   bugfix   .
git push --set-upstream origin bugfix

#  pull request    GitHub   

pull request "Adding a remark"

️

1. pull request.
2. "Merge pull request".
3. "Confirm merge".
4. "Delete branch", .

.

️

pull request . , , CI.

. " "(contribution guidelines). .

. pre-commit hook , , , . : , - . , , , , , . , , , .

(TDD)

TDD . TDD .

1. .
2. , .
3. .
4. , , .
5. .
6. .

, , , — , "--"(red-green-refactor).

️

, CI. , ("").

, GitHub , PR.

1. feature.

2. ci.test.js it (...);.

   
   
   

   it('5. Merge/rebase commits from master. Make tests pass on the merge result.', () => {
     expect(/.*merge.*commits.*tests\s+pass.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });
   
   it('6. Deploy from the feature branch to production.', () => {
     expect(/.*Deploy.*to\s+production.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });
   
   it('7. If everything is good in production for some period of time, merge changes to master.', () => {
     expect(/.*merge.*to\s+master.*/ig.test(fileContents)).toBe(true);
   });

   
   
   
3. . pre-commit hook , .
4. ci.md.
   
   

   5. Merge/rebase commits from master. Make tests pass on the merge result.  
   6. Deploy from the feature branch with a sneaky bug to production.
   7. If everything is good in production for some period of time, merge changes to master. 

5. .
6. feature.

-

#   feature
git checkout feature

#    ci.test.js   

#    ci.test.js   
git add ci.test.js

#   .  pre-commit hook ,   .
git commit

#     ci.md   

#     
git add ci.md
git commit -m "Add the remaining CI steps"

#     feature
git push

Steps review.

, , , feature master. , bugfix master PR.

, master , , feature. - HEAD master feature. (merge), feature (rebase) master. GitHub , . , ci.md. (merge conflict), .

Merge rebase

Merge

• (merge commit) .
  
  
  • .
  • SHA .
• .
• .
  
  
  • - ( IDE).
  • , , git bisect — .

Rebase

• .
  
  
  • SHA, GitHub pull requests, .
  • .
• .
• .
  
  
  • , .
  • : git bisect, .
• --force .

, . "" "" - , , (git rebase -i) , , (merge) "" .

.

️

1. , master .
2. feature.
3. master. , ci.md.
4. , CI, .
5. feature.
6. pull request' GitHub, .

# ,      `master`    .
git checkout master
git pull

#    feature
git checkout feature

#     master 
git merge master

# A merge conflict related to concurrent changes to ci.md will be reported
# => Auto-merging ci.md
#    CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in ci.md
#    Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

#   ,      CI,       .
#  ci.md       
git add ci.md
git merge --continue
#       

#       feature.
git push

#         GitHub,      .

!

, pull request master.

️ : pull request "Steps review"

1. pull request.
2. "Merge pull request".
3. "Confirm merge".
4. "Delete branch", .

, « , , ». , , , .

:

• , ;
• master , .

?

""(rolling back) — (revert) , . " "(fixing forward) — master . API , , , , , .

, ,

• ;
• master .

️

1. master .
2. .
3. PR Steps review master.
4. .

#    master.
git checkout master

#      .
git pull

#    PR Steps review  master.
#    ,      ,    
git show HEAD

# ,  ,      master  ,     
git revert HEAD -m 1
#     

#     
git push

️

, ci.md "sneaky bug" .

CI master

feature. , master. , . , , feature master .

-:

• (revert) , feature master;
• feature.

, pull request .

️

1. feature-fix .

2. feature . , .

   
   
   

   

   
   
   

3. ci.test.js:

   
   
   

   it('does not contain the sneaky bug', () => {
   expect( /.*sneaky\s+bug.*/gi.test(fileContents)).toBe(false);
   });

   
   
   
4. , , .
5. " with a sneaky bug" ci.md.
6. .
7. .

-

#     feature-fix    .
git checkout -b feature-fix

#       feature   .   ,    .
#      :
# -      : C0
# -    : C2
git log --oneline --graph
git cherry-pick C0..C2
#   
# -  ci.md / ci.test.js
# -    
# -  "git cherry-pick --continue",     

#     ci.test.js
#   ,  ,     .

#   " with a sneaky bug"  ci.md.

#            .
git add ci.md ci.test.js
git commit -m "Fix the bug in steps list"

#     .
git push --set-upstream origin feature-fix

pull request.

pull request Fixing the feature. feature-fix "head branch", master "base branch".

, , . PR.

, master "base branch", .

pull request "Fixing the feature"

! , master pull request.

️

1. "Merge pull request".
2. "Confirm merge".
3. "Delete branch", .

,

!

, .

إذا لاحظت أي مشاكل في الدورة التدريبية أو كنت تعرف كيفية تحسينها ، فقم بإنشاء مشكلة في المستودع باستخدام مواد الدورة التدريبية . تحتوي هذه الدورة أيضًا على نسخة تفاعلية باستخدام GitHub Learning Lab كمنصة.