10 طرق مفضلة لإعادة هيكلة كود بايثون

اجعل رمز Python أكثر قابلية للقراءة وأداءً

Python هي لغة برمجة للأغراض العامة تستخدم على نطاق واسع في الحوسبة العلمية والذكاء الاصطناعي وتطوير الويب والنمذجة المالية والعديد من المجالات الأخرى. السبب الرئيسي لشعبيتها هو مرونتها - هناك العديد من الحلول لأنواع مختلفة من العمليات. ومع ذلك ، في معظم الحالات ، لا يوجد سوى حل واحد يعتبر مفضلًا لدى مبرمجي Python ذوي الخبرة. في هذه المقالة ، أود أن أعطي نظرة عامة على 10 أمثلة عملية نموذجية لهذه اللغة التي يمكنك تقييمها وتأخذها في الاعتبار لإعادة بناء رمز Python الخاص بك.

1. إدراج (قوام: مجردة: قوائم) وقواميس ومجموعات

(. .: ) Python: , . , for, . Python – , : [ for x in _ if ]. , . :

>>> #     
>>> numbers = list(range(5))
>>> print(numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> 
>>> #  :
>>> squares0 = []
>>> for number in numbers:
...     if number%2 == 0:
...         squares0.append(number*number)
... 
>>> print(squares0)
[0, 4, 16]
>>> 
>>> #   Python :
>>> squares1 = [x*x for x in numbers if x%2 == 0]
>>> print(squares1)
[0, 4, 16]

, « » « ». : {_: _ for in _}, – { for in _}. :

>>> #  
>>> {x: x*x for x in range(5)}
{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}
>>> 
>>> #  
>>> {x*x for x in range(5)}
{0, 1, 4, 9, 16}

2. F-

– , . — . C, %, format, Python.

Python . «f-», « » – .

>>> #   
>>> usd_to_eur = 0.89
>>> 
>>> #  :
>>> print('1 USD = {rate:.2f} EUR'.format(rate=usd_to_eur))
1 USD = 0.89 EUR
>>> print('1 USD = %.2f EUR' % usd_to_eur)
1 USD = 0.89 EUR
>>> 
>>> #   Python :
>>> print(f'1 USD = {usd_to_eur:.2f} EUR')
1 USD = 0.89 EUR

F-

, f-, , C str.format. f- .

3.

– . . , , , , . , . :

>>> #  :
>>> code = 404
>>> message = "Not Found"
>>> 
>>> #   Python :
>>> code, message = 404, "Not Found"

. , . , , .

>>> #    
>>> http_response = (404, "Not Found")
>>> code, message = http_response
>>> print(f'code: {code}; message: {message}')
code: 404; message: Not Found

4.

, , – . , , , (. .: . catch-all method – -, / , . . , . . , , ). – , , -. , Python , , .

>>> #    
>>> numbers = tuple(range(8))
>>> numbers
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
>>> 
>>> #  :
>>> first_number0 = numbers[0]
>>> middle_numbers0 = numbers[1:-1]
>>> last_number0 = numbers[-1]
>>> 
>>> #   Python :
>>> first_number1, *middle_numbers1, last_number1 = numbers
>>> 
>>> #  
>>> print(first_number0 == first_number1)
True
>>> print(middle_numbers0 == middle_numbers1)
False
>>> print(last_number0 == last_number1)
True

, middle_numbers0 middle_numbers1 . , ( ) . , , , :

>>> #     
>>> print(middle_numbers0 == tuple(middle_numbers1))
True

-

5.

, « », «-» :=, , ? , , , , , . , :

>>> #    
>>> def get_account(social_security_number):
...     pass
... 
>>> def withdraw_money(account_number):
...     pass
... 
>>> def found_no_account():
...     pass
... 
>>> #  :
>>> account_number = get_account("123-45-6789")
>>> if account_number:
...     withdraw_money(account_number)
... else:
...     found_no_account()
... 
>>> #   Python :
>>> if account_number := get_account("123-45-6789"):
...     withdraw_money(account_number)
... else:
...     found_no_account()

, , , (. .: withdraw_money), . , , , .

, , – account_number . Swift, (. .: ), . accountNumber, , . , , .

if let accountNumber = getAccount("123-45-6789") {
    withdrawMoney(accountNumber)
} else {
    foundNoAccount()
}

6. enumerate

, - . for. , : for in _. , , , enumerate, . , .

>>> #     
>>> students = ['John', 'Jack', 'Jennifer', 'June']
>>> 
>>> #  :
>>> for i in range(len(students)):
...     student = students[i]
...     print(f"# {i+1}: {student}")
... 
# 1: John
# 2: Jack
# 3: Jennifer
# 4: June
>>>
>>> #   Python :
>>> for i, student in enumerate(students, 1):
...     print(f"# {i}: {student}")
... 
# 1: John
# 2: Jack
# 3: Jennifer
# 4: June

enumerate

7. zip/zip_longest

, , . , , , . , Python zip, , . , zip , . :

>>> #        zip
>>> students = ['John', 'Mike', 'Sam', 'David', 'Danny']
>>> grades = [95, 90, 98, 97]
>>> 
>>> #  :
>>> grade_tracking0 = {}
>>> for i in range(min(len(students), len(grades))):
...     grade_tracking0[students[i]] = grades[i]
... 
>>> print(grade_tracking0)
{'John': 95, 'Mike': 90, 'Sam': 98, 'David': 97}
>>> 
>>> #  :
>>> grade_tracking1 = dict(zip(students, grades))
>>> print(grade_tracking1)
{'John': 95, 'Mike': 90, 'Sam': 98, 'David': 97}
>>>
>>> from itertools import zip_longest
>>> grade_tracking2 = dict(zip_longest(students, grades))
>>> print(grade_tracking2)
{'John': 95, 'Mike': 90, 'Sam': 98, 'David': 97, 'Danny': None}

zip

zip – zip, , , . , zip , - . , zip_longest .

Python dict, dict. , zip , .

>>> for student, grade in zip(students, grades):
...     print(f"{student}: {grade}")
... 
John: 95
Mike: 90
Sam: 98
David: 97

zip

8. (. .: )

zip . , ? , . , chain. :

>>> #     
>>> from itertools import chain
>>> group0 = ['Jack', 'John', 'David']
>>> group1 = ['Ann', 'Bill', 'Cathy']
>>> 
>>> def present_project(student):
...     pass
... 
>>> #  :
>>> for group in [group0, group1]:
...     for student in group:
...         present_project(student)
... 
>>> for student in group0 + group1:
...     present_project(student)
... 
>>> #   Python :
>>> for student in chain(group0, group1):
...     present_project(student)

, Python — . , chain , . , chain : , , , zip map ( map), Python.

9.

- , ? , , . . , , , : var = ___true if else ___false. .

>>> #   
>>> from random import randint
>>> def got_even_number():
...     return randint(1, 10) % 2 == 0
... 
>>> #  : 
>>> if got_even_number():
...     state = "Even"
... else:
...     state = "Odd"
... 
>>> state = "Odd"
>>> if got_even_number():
...     state = "Even"
... 
>>> #   Python :
>>> state = "Even" if got_even_number() else "Odd"

10.

Python, . , . , , .

. , . , . , , , . , – , .

>>> #   
>>> def process_data(row_data):
...     pass
... 
>>> #  :
>>> with open('large_file') as file:
...     read_data = file.read().split("\n")
...     for row_data in read_data:
...         process_data(row_data)
...
>>> #   Python :
>>> with open('large_file') as file:
...     for row_data in file:
...         process_data(row_data)

, Python Python, , – , . , Python . – , Python (. .: ), . Python.

, .